Sporadic

Very Nearly Legitimate

2007-03-07T20:20:00.000-05:00

Hello, I just wanted to alert my readers (ha ha!) that I just made my first blog post over at Joystick 101, where I am now a featured blogger on the subject of games and learning and stuff like that. It's a super-cool and highly respected gaming blog that went away for a while and now is back with renewed vigor. Actually, anyone who wants to join and blog can do so, but by having a formal relation with the site I now get such perks as the ability to refer to myself as press and get passes to conferences like GDC. Now if only I were in San Francisco.

By the way, I gotta do something about this homepage, huh?

The Beatles, Zombies, and Wikipedia: My Winter "Break"

2007-02-05T18:44:00.000-05:00

I've had an auspicious start to the new year, leading the winning team in the annual Storytelling in the Digital Age Workshop, AKA the Sony Games Design Workshop, AKA the competition that takes over students' lives for the last week of Winter break. It was a high intensity crash-course in crafting a studio pitch for a game based on an pre-existing media property. My team, comprised of Laura Boylan, Ben Decker, Cabell Gathman, and Sarah Sperry, triumphed with our concept of a video game set in the musical universe of The Beatles. We had stiff competition from teams led by Chris Casiano and Kenny Peng, Orit Kuritsky, and Andres Lombana, who produced amazing pitches for games based on the pre-history of Harry Potter, the Twilight Zone, and the Ocean's 11 franchise. Check out Henry Jenkins's blog for a judges-eye perspective on the events, and some concept art we designed for the pitch.

To put it in my own words, the game would be built on a virtual world filled with references to the Beatles--characters (Eleanor Rigby, Doctor Roberts, Desmond and Molly, etc.) , locations (an Octopus's Garden, the Long and Winding Road, Penny Lane, etc.) , and evocative images (everything from Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds) from their songs and movies. Players take control of the Beatles to explore the world and unlock side-missions, all the while avoiding mobs of fans, and alternately fulfilling and escaping their musicianly duty to perform. Though the game would bring together aesthetics and music from the entire Beatles oeuvre, the general attitude of the game, and the semi-fictional characterizations of the fab four, would be taken from the distinctly anarchic and sardonic A Hard Day's Night. Oh, and NPCs would perform choreographed dances like in any good movie musical.

So that's what I did last week.

Another exciting project of the break was a class I taught with CMS comrade Kristina Drzaic: Make Zombie Madness! We were entrusted by our department to educate the youth about the making of zombie films, and given a budget even. The ambitious aim of the class was to give five teams of filmmakers enough inspiration and materials to produce a 3-5 minute zombie film in about 7 hours. To this effect we presented a highly accelerated, two hour version of film school (Kristina also has a film degree from Notre Dame). But the key, I think, was the makeup tutorial generously given by gore-literate CMS undergraduate Clara Rhee. Subsequently, we loosed our filmmakers onto the MIT campus, confident that they would return with not only our expensive equipment but also some amazing zombie shorts. We were not disappointed. I shall post the results as soon as Kristina uploads them to the Internets. Until then, feast your eyes on horrific still images:

Actually, go to the photo gallery if you want to see more.

Finally, I earned the right to be called an expert on Wikipedia by sitting on a panel devoted to the online encyclopedia sponsored by the MIT libraries. Ha! Really, I was mostly invited to show some rough cuts of the video about WP I'm editing for my research assistant position on the Project for New Media Literacies. I also had some expertise to share in the realm of volunteer community management, thanks to my years working at Looksmart.com on their now-defunct Zeal.com web directory. Good to know those seven years weren't a total wash. My content seemed to be fairly well-received, and a scintillating conversation followed about the merits of Wikipedia as a research tool. If I were to make a vast generalization about the project, based on the interviews I've done and the reactions to the panel, I'd say that academics are slowly coming around to the merits of the encyclopedia, while its own users are sobering up to the rigors of writing and the difficulties of community self-policing. Which is as it should be, I suppose.

And now that I'm totally exhausted from my break, it's time to write my thesis!

Roman P. Stanley: Heroic Bureaucrat

2006-10-30T16:19:00.000-05:00

That's how I described my creation for the class in Character Design and World Building being taught by Rocketo mastermind Frank Espinosa this semester (as seen in Entertainment Weekly's Must List 2006!). The assignment was to create a hero "for adults." I resisted the temptation to make some kind of Ralph Bakshi-esque "mature" cartoon. No, the spirit of the assignment was to create a hero adults could relate to. Others were charged with making heroes for children or teens. So here's what I came up with, a la Sculpey.

My thought was that the typical hero for kids and teens is a power fantasy, some indestructible or physically imposing figure in the superhero comics mold. So an adult hero would be a sharp contrast: someone more intellectually tenacious than physically strong. Someone who represents the classic adult tension between individual and social responsibilities. I thought of the most convincing heroic figures I've seen in media and life, and the heroic bureaucrat was born.

He's an amalgam of the title character from Akira Kurosawa's Ikiru, button-down rule-stickler Edmund Exley in L.A. Confidential, and some good friends of mine who are tireless social workers. He's really not so much a bureaucrat as a civil servant who cares too much to let anything cross his desk without thoroughly resolving it, no matter how inconvenient the process or unpopular his actions may make him. And he's a punk rocker (but not a very good one). The taxing nature of his job combined with his after hours passion for music mean he's well on his way to a physical and emotional breakdown (hence the sunken eyes). But he's hanging in there for now.

I'll share more designs as the semester progresses.

HTPC Diary Part 4 - The Case... and Everything Else

2006-09-04T11:10:00.000-04:00

With the TV season upon us, it seemed appropriate for me to finally wrap up my HTPC diary. So, without further ado...

The Case

The HTPC case can be more difficult to choose than one might think. That's because HTPC builders may impose more limitations on a system designed for the living room media rack than something to be shoved under their desk. Many want their case to mimic other components in their home theater cabinet, but PC cases are typically huge clunky towers rather than sleek, horizontal-lying enclosures.

Thankfully, case manufacturers are beginning to cater to the HTPC market. But one still has many considerations: form factor, noise, airflow, and, of course, budget. I decided early on to purchase a Micro-ATX motherboard for use in a Micro-ATX case. This form factor shaves a couple of inches off of the standard ATX measurements by limiting the number of expansion slots to 4. Some case makers attempt to further optimize for size by floating drive bays over the motherboard, or lowering the height of the case so that the system will only accept low-profile expansion cards. But the tighter you pack components into a case, the hotter it gets. The hotter it gets, the more cooling you need. More cooling means more or faster-running fans, which means noise.

After reading tons of reviews, the case in my price range that seemed to get the most unambiguous praise was Antec's NSK2400. It just fits into my media cabinet, its facade is silvery and elegant (doesn't match my black components, but it doesn't look out of place), and it provides ample internal space and noise-dampening features.

Other Stuff

Now I just had to consider components for which there is not much difference between brands. For the hard drive, I knew I could afford about 250GB, and chose the Samsung Spinpoint after reading that these drives are known for their quiet operation. For memory, I could afford 512MB DDR2 533, and Kingston seemed to be the only company offering compatible sticks in the 2x256MB configuration. Using paired memory instead of single sticks optimizes the performance of DDR2 memory. And because my motherboard features 4 memory slots, I can still upgrade without having to toss out what I bought this time.

Of course, my TV would act as my monitor. I already had an extra mouse and keyboard lying around. And I had an ATI Remote Wonder from my old video card that I wasn't using. For the CD/DVD drive, I plucked an old combo drive from my office PC.

Revisiting TV Tuners

When it came time for me to buy, ATI and their partners had still not released their Theater 650 Pro-based TV tuners. Just as my plans to use a Conroe compatible motherboard had been foiled by slow roll-out, so again I would have to make a compromise. I will eventually want to add a second TV tuner to my system, so I figured I'd just buy one of the more advanced cards later. Instead, I went with PowerColor's version of the Theater 550 Pro that runs on the PCI Express x1 bus. It was the least expensive card going at the moment, and I thought it unlikely I would ever need that funky slot for anything else.

Final Specs and Price

Case: Antec Solution Series NSK2400 - $85
Motherboard: Asus M2NPV-VM - $84
CPU: AMD Sempron 64 300+ - $60
RAM: Kingston ValueRam 512MB (2x256MB)DDR2 533 - $51
HDD: Samsung SpinPoint P Series 250GB (OEM) - $70
TV Tuner: PowerColor T55E-P03 $74 - $10 rebate
CD/DVD: Repurposed MSI 52xCDRW,16xDVD Combo Drive - Free
Keyboard & Mouse: Repurposed Logitech Wireless Combo - Free
Remote: Repurposed ATI Remote Wonder - Free

I ordered everything from NewEgg.com. After tax, shipping, and one rebate the price came to about $450. A little more than I wanted to spend, but still within reason.

Here's how everything looked out of the box:

With a little wrangling, I managed to cram everything in:

Installed Windows and other vital drivers and software, the open-source media center MediaPortal, and shoved it in my cabinet:

Impressions

As to the look and feel, I'm fairly satisfied. The case certainly is quiet. Even with the hard drive running it's barely audible. I'll probably pull it out again and disconnect the hard drive monitor light. No need to have that little LED flashing at you in the living room. The CD/DVD drive, though, yuck. That's super-ugly. I'll need to replace it with a drive that matches the color of the case, or do a manual modification to cover it up.

The system does indeed run as fast as I need it to, which means not very fast for anything but serving the media and web browsing.

The quality of the TV image could use some work. The tuner in my TV set is noticeably better. Hopefully the next generation of TV tuner cards will alleviate the difference. And there's probably some tweaking of the output settings that I can do to improve it.

The MediaPortal software is great, but definitely a hobbyist's solution. Keep in mind it is still version 0.2. I've spent hours configuring it, searching the forums for advice, and configuring it again. But I've finally managed to get a stable system running that will turn on, record a show, and turn itself off. It retrieves program guide information from Zap2It.com for free. It also plays music from a shared folder on my office PC, which is my entire CD collection. It runs photo slide-shows from a shared image folder. I've integrated details of my DVD collection from DVD Profiler, so I can browse my DVD shelf on the TV. I can also check the weather and listen to broadcast or internet radio. And the open source community is constantly introducing new features. Pretty sweet.

Conclusions

I managed to build a multipurpose Media Center PC for only $150 more than the cheapest DVD Recorder+HDD. Of course, I reused some parts and got my OS for free. And this kind of configuration still has some significant barriers to wide adoption. But for those who enjoy tinkering with tech, have intermediate computer skills, and a good chunk of time on their hands, building your own convergence box is an ever more reasonable proposition.

HTPC Diary Part 3: Motherboard and CPU

2006-08-20T10:22:00.000-04:00

I ordered and built my HTPC this week, so now have some practical knowledge to buttress the theoretical. I'm not going to reveal all of my selections just yet though. A lot of thought went into each component, and I want to share my considerations at each step of the way.

The choice of motherboard and CPU was probably the most belabored of all of my decisions. I spent a truly ridiculous amount of time weighing all of the options, creating and comparing different configurations in my Newegg.com wishlist. It didn't help that we're in a transitional moment for processors right now, so at stake in my decision was not only how much processing power I could get for my budget, but also whether the platform I built would be supported in the future, and what amount of upgrade potential I was willing to pay for up front.

A Tale of Three Platforms

It's all Intel's fault. They recently released their Core 2 Duo (Conroe) processor, which by all reports, blows all other desktop CPUs out of the water. While the geek inside me started salivating, I never planned to buy a high-end CPU for my system. My budget just wouldn't allow it. But building a system that supports the current microprocessing champ would guarantee a decent level of upgradability in the future. So the choice seemed simple at first: pair an Intel motherboard with an Intel budget CPU like the Celeron, or even a low-end Pentium 4.

As I did more research, however, I realized it would not be so easy. Even though the Core 2 Duo uses the same type of motherboard as their last generation of CPUs--that is, the same CPU socket (LGA 775 or "Socket T")--most of the existing motherboards do not really support the new chip. The sockets may be the same, but the Core 2 Duo requires new chipsets and configurations. Turns out, to get a Conroe-compatible motherboard would cost a pretty penny.

Another requirement I had for my motherboard was that it be in the Micro-ATX form factor. This would allow me to build a more space-efficient system. Also, M-ATX motherboards typically have built-in graphics engines. As I don't plan on using this rig for gaming, integrated graphics is fine, in fact preferred, as long as the mobo provides TV outputs. But with the pathetic trickle of Core 2 Duo motherboards to the market, my search for an affordable Conroe-compatible mobo for HTPC seemed doomed. In fact, by the time I made my order, the least expensive such M-ATX motherboard that I could actually find, the Intel BOXD946GZISSL, was $90. And with no TV-out I'd have to buy a separate graphics card, a minimum $30.

Feeling burned by waiting for the next-gen platform, I thought, "to hell with upgrading, I'll just buy the cheapest motherboard and CPU that fits my needs." This sent me looking at the AMD Socket 939 platform. Even though Intel's new processor schooled AMD's high-end offerings, AMD's budget processor, the Sempron, is still a better value than Intel's Celeron, and more energy-efficient to boot. And with AMD moving on to a new platform, the Socket AM2, for their next-gen chips, the market is saturated with Socket 939 motherboards and processors. There's a lot of variety in this mature product line, with good values to be found from vendors. In fact, for about the same price as the Intel motherboard and graphics card, I could afford a tricked-out 939 AMD motherboard and a CPU from the mid-range Athlon 64 line of processors. I went to bed one night sure that I had resolved the issue.

When I woke up the next morning, I had nagging doubts. The 939 platform is so cheap because everyone knows AMD isn't going to support it in the near future. What if I get an HDTV and need a more powerful system to handle the HD signal, but find I can't upgrade? And the next-gen platforms of both Intel and AMD use 240-pin DDR2 memory while 939 motherboards use 184-pin DDR RAM. So, if I did upgrade my motherboard in the future, I wouldn't be able to use the memory I buy today. I became convinced I needed to invest in one of the next-gen platforms, even if it came at a premium.

Intel's platform is still too rare and expensive. But AMD's new platform, based on the Socket AM2, has been on the market for a few more months, and it shows in the variety of motherboards available. And sure, Intel is the new speed leader, but AMD will counter soon enough. And even if they never beat the benchmarks of the Core 2 Duo on the AM2 platform, as long as they're competitive, I'll be happy.

The IGP Wars

Realizing that Integrated Graphics, the kind included on lowly business PCs everywhere, outsell high-end video cards on volume alone, computer graphics hardware manufacturers Nvidia and ATI have each moved into that space recently, and not a moment too soon. With more people making HTPCs, and the stiff requirements of Windows Vista, better performing Integrated Graphics Processors (IGPs) are going to be ever more important. And Intel has not been particularly receptive to the needs of HTPC hobbyists with their IGP solutions.

So I resolved early on to go with a motherboard containing either ATI's Radeon XPress 200 or Nvidia's GeForce 6150 GPUs. Both chipsets provide hardware MPEG decoding (to compliment your TV tuner's MPEG encoding), some level of HD acceleration, DirectX 9 support, and the option of TV-output (though not all motherboards exploit this). In the end, the choice was more-or-less made for me. After narrowing down the options to AMD Socket AM2, Micro-ATX, and TV-Out, I had exactly two choices (at least from my preferred vendor):

MSI K9NGM2-FID
ASUS M2NPV-VM

Seems a lot of people are coming to the same conclusion, as various system builder forums are host to comparisons between these two motherboards. I spent a few extra bucks for the Asus, for the simple fact that MSI requires you to buy their TV-Out header separately, so it's a wash on cost and a plus to Asus for convenience.

Crawling Back to Sempron

With the extra cost of the AM2 motherboard, and the premium AMD charges for the CPUs that fit it, my dreams of affording an Athlon 64 CPU were dashed. I opted for the not-quite-bottom-of-the-barrel AMD Sempron 64 3000+, which at least has twice the L2 cache of the 2800+.

So, my choices represent a compromise between current performance, cost, and upgradability. The results aren't perfect, but they'll do. Wait a few more months and I could probably have found a reasonably-priced Core 2 Duo-compatible motherboard, perhaps even with ATI's next-generation IGP, the Radeon Xpress 1250, with full HD support. But that chip is already a few months overdue, and my shows are starting soon!

Next time: The Case

HTPC Diary Part 2: Tunerama

2006-07-15T13:31:00.000-04:00

What Makes an HTPC an HTPC?

Before I go into the results of my research into TV tuners, it might be helpful to break down exactly those qualities that differentiate an HTPC from any regular old PC. Of course, both share many features, such as hard drives, a motherboard, an operating system, etc. But there are a few things an HTPC must have above these:

TV Tuner - Until the media companies start beaming digital, pre-compressed feeds of television programs straight through the Internet, an HTPC needs something that will grab a TV signal off the air or cable box and convert it to a workable format. Some media companies are doing this already through iTunes or, in the case of some ABC shows, on their own website. But iTunes downloads aren't free, ABC's streaming feeds can't be archived, and these only represent a tiny fraction of all the shows available.

TV and Audio Out - The HTPC must also have the hardware allowing it to convert the digital signal back into analog for display on a conventional TV set. That is, unless one has an HDTV with DVI inputs, or plans to use a monitor instead of a TV. I'm still kickin' it low-tech with my 27 inch cathode ray. So I'll need something with S-Video or Component outputs (I may not have the fanciest TV, but even I would never use composite video). And even the lowliest of motherboards now has, at the very least, stereo audio output.

Media Center Software - To schedule recordings, play back video and sound, and do a host of other media central things. Lots of options here, which I'll get into later.

Remote Control - Unless you want to whip out the keyboard every time you need to change the channel.

Smaller case and quieter components - Actually optional, but do you really want a noisy monstrosity ruining the mise-en-scene of your harmonious living room?

That's about it. Of course, to get everything to work together reliably and optimally, one has to put a lot of consideration into the selection of all components. But these are the minimums.

One more consideration. Let's say you have a fairly modern PC in another room already. Do you have to build a whole new machine? You could just add a TV tuner and media center software and then buy a media bridge, such as the Sage TV Media Extender to stream content to your TV wirelessly. For this you would also need a cable hook-up in the same room as your PC, which is one reason why I won't be going this route.

Tuner Salad

Microsoft jumped into the HTPC fray in late 2004 with their Media Center Edition operating system, a version of Windows XP with integrated Tivo-like functionality. I probably won't be using this OS for my box, for reasons to be explained later, but the software has, and will continue to have, a strong impact on TV tuner manufacturers and HTPC builders. Microsoft has, in a sense, set a de-facto hardware standard for media PCs, one that should not be ignored lightly. Expect better third-party application compatibility for Windows MCE-supported hardware as the operating system gains widespread use, and as Microsoft incorporates many of its features into Windows Vista.

And not just because Microsoft is the 500-lb gorilla will I be following their hardware requirements. Many of them, including their specifications for TV tuners, just make sense. Under Windows MCE, a TV tuner must have hardware MPEG 2 encoding. Some tuners, like the ATI All-in-Wonder 9800 Pro that powers my current PC, merely have a TV receiver and offload the processor-intensive task of encoding that video to the CPU. By selecting a TV tuner with hardware encoding, you reduce the load on the rest of the system, which means you can use more modest (read less expensive) parts.

Three Typical Selections

On nearly every hardware news or HTPC building resource I visited, three options seemed to dominate discussions of TV tuners: the Hauppauge Win-TV PVR line (150, 250, and 500), the Nvidia DualTV MCE, and cards based on the ATI Theater 550 Pro chipset (such as ATI's own TV Wonder Elite).

The Nvidia DualTV is a well-reviewed two-tuner card, which means it can record two shows at once. This is a great feature. However, this card is also priced about twice as high as other single-tuner cards ($170 at the Nvidia store, the only place I can find it). To keep the price of my system low, I'm going for the single. I can always add more tuners later, as most DVR software supports the use of multiple tuners.

The Hauppauge 150 seems a popular choice among HTPC builders, but reviews warn its picture quality is not up to snuff in comparison with the ATI and Nvidia cards, which are ITF certified and have all sorts of digital comb filters and the like, none of which is particularly meaningful to me, but they do seem to result in better video according to side-by-side comparisons.

So that leaves the Hauppauge 250 and the ATI Theater 550 Pro. In reviews, the two cards are said to perform comparably, with the ATI chipset narrowly edging out the other on video quality. But the ATI tuner can be found in cards costing almost half as much as the Hauppauge, perhaps because ATI licenses its technology to multiple card manufacturers. Packages vary widely, with some brands providing a remote control and more premium bundled software.

If I were to buy a TV tuner card today, therefore, it would be one based on the ATI chipset. Specifically, the VisionTek VTK-THXP550P comes bundled with Snapstream's BeyondTV software for just $60 after rebate, or about $110 with an included MCE remote.

To ATI or Not To ATI

One trend among system builders I noticed just did not make any sense to me at first. Why are the Hauppauge cards so popular if their products are so inferior? It took me a while to figure it out: Linux compatibility. Apparently, ATI is not so proactive in their Linux support, and have yet to release a driver for the 550 chipset. Choosing ATI, then, means choosing not to install Linux as your operating system, and that means the high cost of purchasing a copy of Windows. This would break my budget. I don't have an extra $100 to spend on an OS.

Fortunately for me, due to my student status, I happen to have a license for Windows XP Pro sitting around (don't be too jealous, this minor perk comes after paying $30 grand in tuition). So I will indeed be using an ATI card. I'll be missing out on the most popular open-source media center application, MythTV, but should still have plenty of options (more on that later).

But if you don't have a free Windows license and still want to build the cheapest possible HTPC, the Hauppauge Win-TV PVR 250 seems the most economical choice. Or even consider the Nvidia--though an expensive card, the money you save by using Linux will offset the extra cost.

But Wait!

All of that being said, I probably won't purchase any of these cards. ATI is coming out with an update to their 550 Pro chipset: the 650 Pro. Though they haven't released the hardware to the public yet, many reviewers have received test copies. The result? The new chipset provides even better image quality. What's more, the tuner can receive regular analog plus ATSC broadcasts. ATSC is the over-the-air HDTV standard. With an antenna, and depending on proximity to the broadcast tower, one may be able to pull down free HDTV from the major networks. I know, I don't have a digital TV. But it's still cool. And, even downmixed to standard resolution, HDTV broadcasts should still be clearer than Boston Comcast's dodgy analog cable.

Tuner cards based on the 650 Pro should start coming out this month. Remember, I said my goal was to get this thing built by the end of summer. Stay tuned to see if a new card makes it into my machine.

HTPC Diary Part 1: Introduction and Justification

2006-07-12T10:36:00.000-04:00

I've been spending inordinate amounts of time over the last several weeks researching components to build my own home theater PC (or HTPC, or Media Center PC, etc), so I thought I'd serialize my thoughts, processes, difficulties, and conclusions for anyone who might be interested, or who might be able to give me advice along the way. This will be the first in a series of posts as I select components to buy, put them together, and test the machine. Today I will address the most obvious question about this task: why?

DIY HTPC: Not Just a Really Expensive Tivo

My VCR had been on the fritz for several months before my wife and I moved from Oakland to Boston to attend grad school. It played tapes reliably, but recording was a crap shoot. About half the time it would shut itself off after recording was engaged. So when hard decisions had to be made about which items would earn valuable space in our packing crate, it didn't make the cut. And I couldn't bring myself to buy a new one for our new home. Buy a VCR? Why not churn our own butter? Hello, digital technology.

But some deep-seeded geekiness (or genetic cheapness) also prevented me from buying a Tivo. It's just a function-crippled Linux box with a TV tuner, I could make one of those! More pointedly, my student budget would not bear the monthly service charge.

Subsequently, during a busy year of graduate study, we missed all of our shows. I resolved to find a solution by the end of the summer. As God as my witness, I will never miss The O.C. again!

Tivos are now essentially free. Buy one at retail and you'll get a rebate covering most of the cost under the condition that you'll subscribe to the monthly Tivo service for one year. Depending on how you look at it, they're either subsidizing the cost of the hardware or the first year of the service. They've also introduced two- tuner decks which can record two shows at once, and are experimenting with direct delivery of content to Tivo boxes over the Internet. Still, I refuse to buy a Tivo.

Here's why. Unlike when VCRs first came out and the hardware manufacturers fought the media industry tooth and nail in the courts to protect the consumer's right to record and archive broadcast TV, Tivo has cozied up to the TV industry, presumably to avoid such costly litigation. Instead of fighting, they've simply sold their customers out. First, they buried the 30 second skip function to make it more difficult to zap commercials. More recently, they've allowed the networks to flag shows for restricted access. Some shows will self-destruct if you don't watch them soon enough, others can't be recorded at all. This is unconscionable.

Frankly, I also refuse to pay for the Tivo service on principle. What is it that they're charging you for? Let's look at the elements that go into it. First, there's the program guide, the list of shows and showtimes and other metadata. This information is important, sure. But another way to look at it: these are advertisements. TV networks aren't carefully guarding the secret of when their shows are airing. They want you to know! Second, there's the data about your viewing habits that Tivo uses to make recommendations for other shows. The key word in that last sentence: YOUR. This is data you provide, and valuable demographic data at that. Tivo should be paying you to access it.

Those are the only truly dynamic aspects of the service. Tivo synthesizes these streams together with some statistical intelligence and a graphical front-end to provide their characteristic new media experience. What's a better term for this "service"? Software. But software you pay $13 a month for.

Other Options

Given my stand against Tivo, I did consider some other options.

Comcast offers cable subscribers the ability to lease a DVR for about the same amount as the Tivo service charge. But since Tivos now subsidize the cost of hardware, why lease when you can buy? Also, you have to have digital cable to lease the box, and I don't.

You can find DVD Recorders/Hard Drive hybrids which allow broadcast recording without paying a service fee, many of which also pull schedule information off the air for very limited Tivo-like functionality. These seem a good step forward, but they are also quite pricey, starting at $300. I feel confident that, for about a hundred bucks more, I can build something far more versatile.

The Dream Machine

My goal is to create a low profile, lowish noise PC that can sit with my other home theater equipment but do a whole lot more: the fabled convergence box. It should be able to do all the stuff Tivo does (program guide, "season pass" recording, pause live TV, etc), in addition to these things:

play all of my digital media
network with my desktop PC to share files
browse the web
run bittorrents when necessary
serve as an emergency backup word processor when my wife and I both have papers due

and maybe even:
run limited games (ideally arcade and early console emulators)
pull down over-air HDTV signals

That's the project. I've seen a lot of HTPC tutorials, but most are pitched at a much higher budget than mine; people building high-end vanity equipment or otherwise high-powered PCs with DVR functionality. My aim is to get a minimal configuration working for around $400, but which will support plenty of future upgrades.

The components are interdependent, but I have to start somewhere, so next I'll be looking at the heart of any HTPC: the TV tuner card.

HUZZAH! Kicking and F-ing Screaming Criterion DVD!

2006-06-15T09:40:00.000-04:00

About time! A full-on special edition of one of my favorite movies ever, never before released on DVD and seemingly eclipsed by a wacky Will Ferrell movie of the same name that came out last year. Seems the critical mass over The Squid and the Whale and The Life Aquatic (which Noah Baumbach co-wrote with Wes Anderson) has finally had the effect I had hoped. This marks the official retirement of my VHS collection.

Amazon shows a release date of August 22.

Frightening Post-Apocalyptic Movie from Pixar

2006-06-13T08:30:00.000-04:00

There's this new movie out from Pixar in which all the humans are gone, but their cars remain, and they talk. What happened to the people? Did the radiation kill them? Global warming seems a likely candidate with all the cars around. Or, having become intelligent, was there a Matrix-like war between humans and machines in which the cars, like those in an early Peter Weir film, ate the people. "Soylent gasoline is people! It's people!"

Am I the only one completely underwhelmed by the concept of Cars? I usually love Pixar movies, especially the last one, The Incredibles, but have no plans to see this new one. I'm going to reveal my PC liberalism here, but does America really need a movie to teach kids how to further fetishize the automobile? I know they're only playing to their base. Kids have a natural fascination for cars and already play with Hot Wheels and RC kits. So, in a way, it's just a natural extension of Toy Story, which taught kids that they should really care about the feelings of inanimate objects. But at least toys don't cause global f-ing warming!

How about a movie about talking subway trains or public buses? Or, better yet, bikes and skateboards. Enough with the cars.

Or am I over-reacting?

Spooky 3D Photos

2006-06-06T09:06:00.000-04:00

Becky and I visited Lexington and Concord yesterday, and I used the occasion to experiment with some stereo photography. Here are some photos of "Authors Ridge" in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord (not to be confused with the more famous Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in New York, where Washington Irving is buried). The cemetery houses the family plots of Alcott, Thoreau, Emerson, and Hawthorne, and the graves of the famous American authors from those families.

These are cross-eye stereo 3D images. I created them simply by taking one picture, moving the camera slightly to the right, taking another, and then combining them in Photoshop. To get the effect, cross your eyes until the two images "overlap" and resolve. If you like this kind of stuff, check out the Stereophotography group on Flickr.

Freedom Ain't Free

2006-06-02T10:20:00.000-04:00

Looks like Becky is going to make any description of our recent Massachusetts explorama redundant with her epic post on the subject, but I did want to add some quick reflections on historical tourism in our nation's crucible.

Living in Oakland, just a bridge crossing away from San Francisco, whenever we'd host first time Bay Area visitors we knew we'd be subjected to the baseline area tourism experience for at least one day. As any resident could tell you, this includes such attractions as Chinatown, maybe a Cable Car ride, Fisherman's Wharf, and the almost universally loathed Pier 39. I'm sure many residents resist the tourism loop completely, but we feared dissuading visitors from the experience would just be selfish of us. As lame and misrepresentative of the area as some of those tourist-trap sites could be, how could we send our visitors back home without that common frame of reference, some content for conversation with any past or future Bay Area tourist or resident?

There are just those things you have to see when you travel somewhere for the first time, even if they are utterly corporate. To avoid them would require an almost comical act of repression. Ghiradelli Square? La la la la la, I can't hear you! Luckily, the standard crappy Boston tourism experience is a lot more interesting than the Bay Area's, in my opinion, because Boston's is built around US history rather than pretty scenery and shopping. In fact, it's downright moving at parts.

At the center of the experience is the Freedom Trail, a walking route starting from Boston Common which hits dozens of sites somehow relevant to the colonial experience and the American Revolution. Other popular Massachusetts attractions we hit last week were Salem and Plimoth Plantation. These sites may be more historically meaningful, but, as I found out, they are no less commercial than those SF hot spots. Now, I'm not naive. I know that wherever there are a mass of people there will be entrepreneurs hoping to take advantage of them. I suppose I just wasn't prepared for the high cost of even entering certain national landmarks. Aside from a few public areas like the Common, various burial grounds, and any landmark now inhabited by a shopping mall (like Fanieul Hall), walking the Freedom Trail is potentially rather costly.

Official Freedom Tour guided walk: $12
Paul Revere House: $3
Old State House: $5
Old South Meeting House: $5
Old North Church ("one if by land, two if by sea"): donations encouraged, and you can't go up to the steeple.
Historic Cambridge self-guided walking tour map: $2.50
Trinity Church: $5 self-guided tour
Salem Witch Museum (in no way official): $6
Plimoth Plantation and Mayflower II (both private "recreations"): $24

They haven't figured out a way to charge for the Holocaust Memorial. Yet.

I don't know, I understand the cost involved with maintaining all of these attractions, and that some of them are privately owned. The Old North Church is still a working church, so why sacrifice the living history for the mythology? But there's something pretty irksome about touring American heritage sites and being confronted by admissions fees at every turn in addition to the tacky souvenir shops. Don't Americans deserve some competent and, most importantly, free propaganda about the founding of our nation? Isn't it our birthright to visit gratis a convincing recreation, complete with LARPers, of the Puritan plantation where we launched one of our most impressive East Coast land-grabs?

Seriously, though, why doesn't the Federal Government feel it important enough to subsidize visits to the landmarks where our democracy was forged? Or is it completely fitting that our most primary landmarks reflect the characteristically American tension between democratic and capitalistic values?

Semester Post-Mortem, Wherefore Academic Excellence?

2006-05-31T10:46:00.000-04:00

My resolution to blog weekly, as you may have noticed, was fiendishly foiled by events beyond my control, and a steady accumulation of work over the last weeks of the semester further eroded my resolve. That first shameful week I had been apprised of a Macarthur Foundation call for abstracts in a subject very close to my field of study. Although I only had a few days of notice before the due date, the potential $10,000 honorarium was motivation enough for me to spend my entire Friday in a windowless computer lab writing the outline for an ambitious but probably over-vague chapter about digital media. What became of my efforts I do not know. They promised to get back to all applicants by mid-May, but I have yet to hear anything. I'm not terribly optimistic.

After that it was one paper and presentation after another. It all turned out OK, really. Once you accept the fact that you're going to spend nearly every waking hour working on stuff, it becomes bearable in the short term. I've also wisened to my own limitations--I have about 3 hours during the day when I can do really good work, with diminishing returns after that, and I need plenty of sleep. So I don't feel guilty going to bed early, or winding down with an episode or two of The O.C. after my productive hours. It's all for the best. Just have to make sure I give myself plenty of lead time for any assignment, and I don't take on too much.

But I am far from representative of most MIT students. Some MIT folks seem to have reached their level of academic excellence due, in part, to chronic insomnia. They are able to use those sleepless hours to get stuff done. Others are almost completely socially non-functional, and not in a hip geek-chic kind of way. That's a pretty high price to pay for an advanced degree. But once you get this far out on the academic bell curve, the qualities that make a good student are necessarily abnormal. Is there a big difference between extreme academic excellence and mental pathology?

Of course, in my case, I got here out of sheer luck, which trumps all other virtues.

What do you think? Does "genius" exist, or is that an entirely bogus concept? Have incidental or even detrimental personal qualities helped you get ahead?

Guitar Hero: Two Tasty Kinds of Flow

2006-04-22T10:25:00.000-04:00

I resolved to blog once a week, posting every Friday, but yesterday happened to be a marathon session of thesis presentations by the second year CMS students, followed by a party at department co-chair William Urrichio's house. And, writing up my blog this morning, it turned out to be more relevant to my studies, so I posted to the (yes, still under construction)CMS Journal blog. Hey, I'm trying!

Happy Easter/Passover, and a Minor Respite

2006-04-14T11:44:00.000-04:00

Thanks to the absurd New England-only holiday, "Patriot's Day", and one of MIT's random but always welcome mid-term holidays, known affectionately by students as "suicide prevention days," I have Monday and Tuesday off and am feeling not-totally-overwhelmed this weekend. Thankfully so, it's been a busy couple of weeks.

The highlights of the past month or so have included a trip to NYC with Becky to mark our fist wedding anniversary, a class visit from
Sherry Turkle, my participation in an ongoing group narrative project with Geoffrey Long and Peter Rauch, my near-completion of videos and materials concerning Cory Doctorow for the New Media Literacies Exemplar Library, my semi-competent redesign of this very website, and some amazing news from one of my closest friends (keeping cagey about it just in case).

Not so fun moments included a beautiful spring break week spent almost entirely inside working on projects, the maddeningly protracted development of the architecture for the still barely functional CMS Journal, Becky's recent stomach flu, and the dawning realization that my thesis proposal is due in mere weeks.

This weekend I'm finally going to hit the Star Wars exhibit at the Museum of Science with Kristina, not only to enjoy but also to observe folks for our ethnography assignment. Local grade-school students have the week off, so we should see a lot of children exploring the exhibit, most likely dragged there, bewildered and complaining, by their nostalgic Gen-X parents. But, you never know. Will duly report on our observations next week.

New Look - Still Lame!

2006-04-01T17:10:00.000-05:00

I'm getting my web-design act together, starting fresh with a stripped-down HTML page and basic CSS. Look for iterative changes to make this all look a lot better soon. Sorry.

Next from the Makers of Grand Theft Auto: Pong!

2006-03-06T17:30:00.000-05:00

If it were April I'd consider this news a bit of tomfoolery, but it seems to be legit: Rockstar San Diego announced that its first next-generation title for the XBox 360 will be...Table Tennis? "Our goal was to create a game that is perfectly addictive in its focused simplicity," explains Rockstar founder Sam Houser. "It is a distillation of game design philosophy, focusing on removing the traditional areas of compromise inherent in managing size and scope and concentrating the hardware's entire power on one activity, with the aim of doing that better than it's ever been done before." Compare this to the company's Grand Theft Auto titles, which are a kind of meta-game, a game that contains all other games, almost infinite in scope but relatively shallow in depth. I sense the company is working towards a grand plan. Non-GTA Rockstart games, like Midnight Club and State of Emergency tend to have that "this is actually practice for something we're going to put in GTA" feel. Have their attempts at refining game engines led them to revisit the very genesis of action gaming, the old paddle-n-ball?

If they could capture the speed and immediacy of real table tennis, it would be quite interesting. That said, can anyone see this working with a regular Xbox joystick? Read the press release.

New Personal Focus + Hibernation Weekend

2006-02-20T09:47:00.000-05:00

Hello. Not that anyone reads this page, but I've decided to change its focus to more personal-type news. My theoretical ramblings will be limited to other venues. Notes and reflections in preparation for my thesis can be found at my blog Confidence, Cohen. Media literacy related posts will go up at Project NML, as soon as I have some to post. And all other nuggets of brilliance about media will be exposed on the CMS Journal website, which should be up and running by the end of the semester.

The big news this semester is that I've joined the aforementioned New Media Literacies project. I'm really excited about it, and not just because I've won funding (well, some funding). In short, the purpose of the project is to develop curricula to give kids practical and theoretical tools for navigating a media rich world. Right now I'm editing an interview with sci-fi author/blogger/copyright activist Cory Doctorow that will go into our "Exemplar Library," an archive of many such interviews with media producers. It's so fun, I don't want to work on any of my other homework!

I realized this morning that the editing project, combined with the cold, the long weekend, and the fact that Becky is out of town, have pushed me into hibernation mode. Video editing is a real time-suck, when I get in the zone I hardly realize when 8 hours have passed. With Becky gone, it makes no sense to eat out or prepare complicated meals, so I've been subsisting on soup and left-overs. And, if I'm not going out, why shave or change out of my pajamas? So, what's the result: low activity (just shuffling around the apartment), low calorie consumption (can't be bothered to cook), low levels of natural light, high physical comfort. So now all I want to do is sleep. Got 9 hours last night but still feel groggy. This would be great if I had nothing to do this winter but survive. Not gonna be so good when I have to go to school on Wednesday.

My Visual Narrative Project

2005-10-19T09:07:00.000-04:00

I've put the results of my visual narrative project up in the gallery. It's a little rough right now, I definitely could use some time to polish it up, but I probably won't have that time for a while.

I wasn't completely satisfied with how the project turned out. I had hoped to develop a very strong set of visuals and use a fairly simple narrative to connect them. But the process became so tedious that I found myself cutting corners just to get it finished. Though the game was central to the story I created, and my desire to work within a rich but unpredictable environment, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was not very hospitable to my efforts. But, I guess, that was part of my whole point. I'm riffing off machinima here, where the trend is toward greater and greater visual sophistication and character control. But so much of the charm of machinima, to me, is in the tension between what the "director" wants to do and what the gaming platform allows them to do.

Anyway, you have to admit, even if you think the end result is not brilliant, that it's pretty cool to be able to do this kind of stuff for school.

David Lynch is Happy

2005-10-03T16:34:00.000-04:00

David Lynch was in Boston's Cutler Majestic Theatre Saturday night talking to a crowd of mostly college students on the subject of "Consciousness, Creativity and the Brain." One might expect from such a talk an attempt to delineate and describe these weighty concepts, and, from an artist as preeminent as Lynch, some anecdotal narratives giving insight into his creative process. Instead, the evening did little but to further mire these concepts in a web of vague abstractions.

Taking my seat in the theater, I felt an inkling of the disappointment that would follow. The very setting spoke to the lack of interactive, and hence dialectic, possibilities. I've become accustomed over the past several weeks to academic colloquia which encourage audience engagement. These have been held in utilitarian, some might say "ugly," lecture halls with limited capacity and shortened distance between speaker and listeners. The Majestic, true to its name, rises vertically hundreds of feet to provided immense capacity. From my seat in the balcony, the speakers were but fuzzy, acutely foreshortened forms. The proscenium, encrusted with gold paint and bands of sculptural fruit, framed the ensuing event as performance rather than dialog. Which is not to say that the audience wasn't ostensibly encouraged to ask questions. Though I couldn't see them from my vantage point, microphones had been deployed, and after some introductory comments Lynch accepted questions from the audience. But was it coincidence that the questions asked were slight and/or sycophantic?

I'm willing to accept that the theater setting was a necessary evil to allow as many people as possible to see a very popular but typically reclusive filmmaker. And I certainly appreciate Lynch's willingness to participate in a public forum on his life and works. However, it became clear by the end of the opening statements that this would not be a free-form discussion of art and creativity, or even a formal lecture on those topics, but a biased and scientifically specious presentation (or, as a colleague of mine correctly pegged it, an "infomercial") on the benefits of Transcendental Meditation.

Supporting Lynch's impassioned but ultimately unhelpful ruminations were John Hagelin, the director of the David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and World Peace, and Dr. Fred Travis, director of the Center for Brain, Consciousness and Cognition at Maharishi University of Management, who put on the full-court press for legitimizing the foundations of TM. Hagelin made baldly controversial claims like (and I'm paraphrasing) "science has proven that consciousness is the unified field of Unified Field Theory," without any hint of acknowledgement to their contentiousness. And I wouldn't go so far as to suggest that the audience was filled with plants, but consider these ostensibly spontaneous questions from the Q&A period:

"I'm a film teacher and filmmaker. Can you share how has Transcendental Meditation helped you be a better filmmaker?"
"What would you say to those who are skeptical about Transcendental Meditation?"

Listen, it's great that David Lynch is a happy, positive person who has found inner peace through TM. And, certainly, one who has found happiness has the right, if not the duty, to share his methodology with the rest of us. But that doesn't make it interesting.

Noah Baumbach Update - Fantastic Mr. Fox

2005-09-25T13:08:00.000-04:00

I'm a huge fan of the film Kicking and Screaming. No, not the film with Will Ferrell about a kids soccer team. The first K&S was written and directed by first-time filmmaker Noah Baumbach, and followed a group of recent college grads immobilized by a "quarterlife crisis" long before anyone had coined that term. I found the characters' self-doubting and malaise eerily familiar, making this one of the seminal films of my early adulthood. Baumbach followed it up with Mr. Jealousy, and underrated romantic comedy that failed to capitalize on his earlier critical success. The bizarre, ultra-low-budget Highball came next, and was, I believe, released straight to video. Sometime during all of that activity, he produced a television pilot about 20somethings starring Eric Stoltz that failed to attract a buyer.

The last few years have hosted a, for me, long overdue Baumbach resurgence. He cowrote with director Wes Anderson the brilliant Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. Anderson then produced Baumbach's The Squid and the Whale, which earned great accolades at Sundance. I can't wait to see that film, a 80s-era memoir of how he and his brother dealt with their parents' divorce (again, likely to prove creepily similar to my own experiences), and noticed, with excitement, the recent online dissemination of the trailer.

Already basking in the anticipation, I came across this tidbit while exploring his bio on the film's website:

"He also co-wrote THE LIFE AQUATIC WITH STEVE ZISSOU (2004) and the upcoming FANTASTIC MR. FOX from a novel by Roald Dahl with Wes Anderson."

Fantastic Mr. Fox! Further research indicates this will be a stop-motion animated film. The last attempt at adapting Dahl to stop motion, James and the Giant Peach, yielded very mixed results. But with Anderson directing, and Revolution Studios producing (instead of Disney/Touchstone), the film has a chance of being true to my own nostalgic memories of the novel.

Shadow of the Colossus - Video Game 'Art?'

2005-09-22T16:00:00.000-04:00

Got my Official US Playstation Magazine this weekend, which includes full coverage of the upcoming release developed by Sony CEA: The Shadow of the Colossus. "Full Coverage" means the mag features an article about its production, a staff review, and a playable level on the included demo disk. I could probably write a comparative analysis about how each of these classes of text represent the game, the different assumptions and methodologies each bring to defining its significance, but that's for another time. I want to talk about the content - the game itself and the claims the writers make about it. As such, I will be treating the demo as truly representative of the overall game experience, though it might not be (as the magazine specifically warns).

The gaming press makes much of the work's status as the next title from the developers of the critically acclaimed Ico. Let me just say at the outset that I've never played that game and know nothing about it. The ubiquitous association of the two titles seems a bald attempt to position both as part of a canon of "artistic" games. That's fine, we do the same thing in every media. A work takes on greater depth, or, at least, greater interpretive possibility, when we can locate it within the ouvre of some author. But, I found the rhetoric of the reviewer, Joe Rybicki, rather defensive, as if we need to appeal to these conventional signifiers of high art to justify taking a video game seriously. The most egregrious example is his description of the beautiful landscapes in the game. He posits that they point to "the designers' priorities: Make it beautiful—make it art—even if it has absolutely no bearing on the gameplay itself." OK, once and for all, aesthetic beauty and artistic value are not equivalent. Thomas Kincade paints some pretty landscapes (he's the painter of light. Light!), but, well, his paintings aren't quite the cutting edge of artistic expression. Call me a snob. Furthermore, in the form of video games, gameplay is a huge part of artistic content. In the reviewer's defense, we don't quite have a well-developed language for talking about the art of gameplay, and the Official US Sony Playstation Magazine is probably not the forum for development of such a language.

How about the game itself? For those unfamiliar with its basic premise, the player controls a humanoid on a quest to kill 16 giant creatures that roam a desolate landscape. The magazine's writers refers to these giants as "bosses," but that seems misapplied. "Boss" implies the end of a sequence of progressively more difficult opponents. In other words, you can't have a boss without lackeys. In Shadow, the creatures are the singular challenge, and they each require sufficiently complex manuevers to bring down that it might be more accurate to call the creatures "levels". But the subversion of these video game conventions is what makes the game interesting.

What makes it breathtaking to play, even in the short demo, is the sense of scale. The creatures tower over your little avatar. Here, I think, we see pioneers of the video game form feeding back to us a shared cultural dream: the slaying of the dragon. Actually, we're in gaming territory here, which comes out of a different cultural tradition, so I better be specific. This isn't the European St. George and the Dragon, vanquishing of the pagan by the Christian kind of thing. The associations that came most clearly to my mind while playing the game were from Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke. Here is dragon as magnificent nature spirit, slayer as heroic and daring, yes, but also modernizing and destructive. The game creates with its story, and supports with its music and cinematographic elements, a very ambiguous moral task for the player. Of course, having only played the demo, I can't speak to how the story unfolds to its end. The review indicates, again apologetically, that the ambiguity is maintained. If so, then that's quite an achievement.

So the concept seems brilliant enough, but how about the gameplay? The review complained of complexity, but that's a pretty relative term. It's hardly flight simulator complex. In fact, I'd say it's as or less complex than most action games. I found it intuitive after a few minutes. In the demo, the camera was very annoying, pulling back to show a preferred framing rather than sticking to the player's direction. Unfortunately, that preferencing of the designer's will over that of the gamer's extends to other parts of the game. As far as I can tell, the game allows only one way to kill a Colossus. In the demo example, I replayed it several times to see if I could find my own way: climb onto the giant's hammer instead of up his leg. It confounded my every attempt, until finally some words came up on the screen to the effect of "you have to climb up the leg first." Directions. Disappointing. They designed so much scale and graphical complexity into the giants, but prescribed a single path for attacking them? I'm also curious about how the progression between Colossi is acheived. Again, despite building a world that seems to allow free roaming, I sensed that getting from one Colossus to the next was a rather linear process. Now, that's a choice by the developers. Not all games have to be open-ended sandboxes. But, from my short experience with this game, I think it would have been a better choice.

Despite those caveats, I'm sold on this title as a valuable addition to the gaming canon. But is it art? Well, duh.

OK Go - Indie Boys Don't Dance

2005-09-20T13:09:00.000-04:00

The new OK Go album, "Oh No," has been out for a few weeks now. Probably listened to the whole thing about 3 times, maybe 4. In that time, the music has burrowed in like one of those ear parasites from Star Trek II, and now has full control of my mind, though its only command to me so far has been to "put the CD back in the player!"

By now you've probably seen the infamous dance video. If not, I highly recommend it. I've heard several theories about why it's so popular. One pointed to the inherent comedy of seeing men do choreographed dance. And certainly, the routine itself mixes cheerleader flair, ballroom twirls, Michael Jackson struts, and recognizable bad dance moves in an amusing way. But I have some more theories:

1. Though created by the band itself, they have skillfully produced it to appear like a fan-made viral video. The resolution is poor, the setting casual. The dance is choreographed to a CD played off-screen (we hear the end of the previous song as they take their places), rather than overlaid with a studio mix. The "singer" in the video is not the lead singer in the band. There are no cuts away, and minor dance missteps and misalignments have been left in. All of these contribute to a perception of the video as not an abstract visual representation of the song, like most music videos, but something like an artifact. In watching the video, we feel we've discovered something. The dance feels like a discreet moment in time, it has that aura of authenticity. And because it feels more real, it triggers those voyeuristic endorphins.

2. We expect pop groups to have dance routines. All the boy bands do it. All the soloists do it, even when they're no good at it (Jessica Simpson). Indie-pop bands, however, don't. Not one (until now). Why? Because they're different. How? Because they don't dance. The video throws our musical categories back in our faces. Like most rock n' roll, it's all a semiotics of style over substance. Sullen, ironic boys make indie music. Cheery, sincere boys make pop music. The video pleases by confusing those boundaries.

Six Feet Under - The Finale

2005-09-19T22:47:00.000-04:00

I finally got around to watching the last three episodes of Six Feet Under. If you haven't yet seen the finale, and are planning to, please avert your eyes, as spoilers will follow.

Alan Ball provided a fitting end to a TV series that could be considered the great memento mori of the motion picture/television canon. Many viewers, critics included, have lamented this season, and it has been difficult to watch characters that I've grown to love make some really questionable choices, reveal darker sides of their personalities, and, well, die. But it's also been brilliant. Nate's death framed perfectly the concerns of the series. Many episodes owed their drama to disagreements over proper burial rights for the corpse-of-the-week. Would the family that saw other families torn apart by these arguments be able to avoid falling into the same traps? The answer, of course, was no. The Fishers were no more immune from anger and misery and spite than Nate was, as the main character, protected from death.

The finale itself hit all the emotional notes expected from a show of this depth and complexity; that is, it hit ALL of the emotional notes. It was all over the place. Series finales often have these moments of great ontological confusion, when all of the layers of a character's identity come to the surface at the same time. In this case, Claire's farewell to her family reached a level of maudlin excess that had me wondering, "is this Clair saying goodbye to her family, Lauren Ambrose saying goodbye to her character, or Alan Ball saying goodbye to his cast?" Probably all three at the same time, especially at the moment she thanked her mother for giving her life. A bit much, yes, but immediately redeemed by what followed, a musical montage closing the book on the Fisher family, showing that, though the series may end here, it's characters will not live in eternal glory forever. Remember: you, too, will die.

A note on the specifics of this montage. Like the "ghosts" of departed characters that appeared to the Fishers throughout the series, I interpreted the parade of events as completely internal to the character: possibile futures as imagined by Claire as she sped towards her future. It seemed likelier that Claire, at the moment of leaving her old life behind, would imagine meeting up with Ted 20 years later and marrying him, than that this would ever come to pass. But I guess Alan Ball intended a more literal interpretation. He prepared obituaries for the show's homepage, and in this interview, references some very specific biographical information about the characters post-show. But I like my explanation better.

Philip K. Dick High: Mean Girls

2004-09-25T22:00:00.000-04:00

Tina Fey, as a first-time screenwriter working from Rosalind Wiseman's nonfiction book on teenage sociology, Queen Bees and Wannabes, has accomplished something even more remarkable than the many critics who praised Mean Girls have even realized. Scanning RottenTomatoes.com, one finds accolades to Fey for bringing to the teen comedy genre a darker-than-usual tone, credible sociological underpinnings, and a generally more mature sensibility. A minority of the favorable reviews don't paint it as remarkable at all, just a reasonably enjoyable example of a fairly low-rent genre. One would assume from many of these analyses that the teen movies of note have always been cheery comedies celebrating the classless utopia of high school. But anyone who has actually paid attention to these films over the years knows them to be often-challenging examinations of social inequality. In positing that high school can be an impossibly complex social landscape rife with scheming, emotional abuse, and identity upheaval, Fey and director Mark S. Waters have only continued the tradition of smartly observed comedies of adolescence like Say Anything, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, and the Buffy the Vampire Slayer TV series. What surprised me was not the wry humor or mature themes, but the rather brilliant application of a plot design familiar to anyone who has ever read a book by the venerated science fiction writer Philip K. Dick: the danger of fully becoming the thing that you're only pretending to be.

While it might not be the most original concept in narrative history, it is an altogether different phenomenon than the one we have seen quite a few times before in teen movies. Titles such as Clueless, She's All That, and Can't Buy Me Love uncover the corrupting temptations of popularity and the quickness of teens to jettison their values for a shot in the spotlight. Mean Girls is likely to inspire a similar interpretation among less rigorous critics, but its depiction of behavior and intention is more nuanced; it's not a simple deglamorization of popularity. Protagonist Cady never consciously aspires to the ethos of power, superficiality, and meanness represented by the popular clique, the Plastics. She infiltrates their group hoping to corrupt it from within and cause its implosion. But in acting like a plastic she becomes indistinguishable from those she is self-righteously trying to destroy. And it's not a gradual process, though she certainly gets better at the game over time. She affects the mean girl behavior as soon as she is invited into the group, adding sensitive information about her friends to the Plastics' cruelty encyclopedia, the "Burn Book." She may even be better at it than any of the other girls, and indeed she eventually becomes the "Queen Bee," because she's able to suspend her values completely, believing that the ends will justify the means.

Similarities abound in Dick's novel, A Scanner Darkly. The main character, Fred, is an undercover drug agent assigned to infiltrate a small community of users to find information about the pushers. For protection against dirty cops, his superiors are not allowed to know his secret identity, Bob Arctor (one of Dick's more obvious suggestive character names), or even see him. Through the course of his investigation, his handler begins to suspect that Arctor is the ringleader, and assigns Fred, unwittingly, to investigate himself. Because the drug that Fred takes to fit in with the other addicts causes brain damage, and he's forced to treat his alter-ego like a different person, he becomes so confused about where Fred ends and Bob begins that he suffers a complete psychotic break (think Tyler Durden in Fight Club). The distinction between acting like a drug addict and actually being one, existing, as it does, in the mind, ultimately can't save him from the effects of a mind-altering drug.

In the hands of a lesser artist, this kind of sci-fi twist can come off gimmicky and facile (again, think Fight Club), but Dick used his characteristic and much-imitated mind-benders only to serve the narrative and characters. The surprising reveal in A Scanner Darkly is completely germane to the story and essential to its themes because the book is not about the Big Twist, but about drug addiction; it's about how the addict literally loses control of his own life even as he believes he's making his own decisions. Cady, and, it is eventually revealed, every other girl in the school, share a similar delusion. They think that by mastering the system of gossip, back-stabbing, and deception they can subvert it, that they can act mean but stay pure of heart. But Fey shows that any participation in this system will perpetuate it. The Plastics and the girls who hate and scheme against them create mutually assured misery for the entire school.

Movies that show characters obviously degrading themselves privledge their audiences. They diagram with objective clarity a character's weaknesses and poor choices. These cautionary tales are rarely tractable beyond the confines of the artificial narrative world, their lessons difficult to apply without the benefit of ironic distance. Mean Girls pulls the audience down with its ambiguous heroine, and not just through the easy technicque of identification. Cady is as sympathetic as any protagonist, certainly, but the filmmakers also refrain from offering moralistic commentary on her actions. At first, Cady's scheming appears to subvert a corrupt social order. We only realize the magnitude of her errors when she does (or maybe a little before), which makes her subsequent reluctance to come clean all the more emotionally believable. The voice-over technique employed during the last scenes perfectly capture the pain of her self-awareness. Cady's internal monologue admits to everything but she verbally denies any wrongdoing. She's shocked to have become the villain in her own story and believes herself beyond forgiveness, but she desperately clings to the possibility of somehow mastering the situation and making everything better.
Cady's eventual solution, in contrast to the climaxes in most mainstream narratives, is not to master and subdue the other participants in the conflict, but to submit herself to fate and take responsibility for the whole mess. She admits to creating the Burn Book, even though she only wrote a few of its passages, and makes the ultimate teenage atonement by participating in the wildly uncool Math Olympiad. If the resulting social utopia seems farfetched, it could be because the social satire of late has been so reluctant to do anything but observe. Here's a film that dares to suggest solutions to the injustices it catalogues, a film unashamed of its power to persuade. I found it a refreshing salve to the viral cynicism of teen films like Heathers, not to mention the prevailing ethos of egoism.

For Real: America's Next Top Model

2003-05-01T14:49:00.000-04:00

More pre-blogger, unpublished musings from my personal archive:

Television reality shows typically exploit an inherent dishonesty, but perhaps not the one everyone immediately associates with the form. That's the situational lie, which we are all familiar with from countless social pundits and stand-up comedians, who complained incredulously and tiresomely about the first modern reality series: "they get to live in a huge apartment in Manhattan rent-free! That's not the 'Real World'." Since then we've become reconciled to the fact that the environment of the reality show participant is manufactured by the producers. In fact, the recent explosion of variety in reality programming was only possible through the conscious abandonment of any illusion of documentary objectivity. Starting with Survivor, rather than de-emphasizing the artificiality of the situations, reality series have made these the gimmicks of the show, and those string-pulling men behind the curtain have been brought to the front as Barnum-esque ringmasters.

The lie that these shows don't admit, then, is one more subtle and insidious: it's the suggestion that the participants in reality shows are somehow more genuine and appealing than fictional characters in a drama. They are real people, yes, but do they successfully stand in for average folks, as the genre seems to promise? Are they really more universally appealing than characters consciously scripted to represent common types? Certainly, fiction has its shortcomings. Whenever I see a film or television series that overtly panders to some idea of the "common man," I'm reminded of the Coen brothers' Barton Fink, who came to understand the insurmountable barrier between the writer and his audience. But reality does not guarantee universality. When large applicant pools of self-selected volunteers are whittled down according to a conscious or inadvertent agenda, the results are far from the random cross-section you'd hope for, and become functionally identical to the deluded efforts of poor Barton. So far, reality series have attempted to maintain the illusion of randomness by stressing the diversity of participants. But cracks in the facade show, to often comic effect, as when The Real World's formula of measured tokenism (the black one, the gay one, the virgin... but all incredibly hot) became too obvious to ignore. No, in this sense there is very little real about reality television. It just doesn't do it for me, regardless of the millions who insist that it's all in fun; that it may be trashy but it's "great television."

Imagine, then, my reluctance to watch UPN's competitive reality program America's Next Top Model. In addition to my reservations about reality TV, I found the supermodel competition element potentially very distasteful, especially following as it did the final episode of the consistently feminist Buffy the Vampire Slayer. I had no desire to watch a group of ambitious Barbies held up to represent typical women everywhere. And yet, here was a series concept that begged to drop this ridiculous illusion of normality. How could you show serious contenders for the title of supermodel as anything less than the physically abnormal beings that they are? This should be a no less meritocratic contest, in its own way, than would be a series out to find America's Next Top Math Whiz, but would the show's producers and impossibly proportioned prototype/host Tyra Banks attempt to fool us into thinking that supermodels are just like regular people? Would this be a twisted Eliza Doolittle scenario out to teach us that a little practice and perseverance, some table-manner lessons and walking with books on the head, can turn any girl into a fashion icon?
The answer was a refreshing, though harsh, "no." Even before the official start of the competition, the judges hijacked the semi-democratic contestant selection process, refusing to fill the required 10 finalists from a weak slate of volunteer candidates, opting instead to bring in two traditionally scouted wildcards. The stunned faces on the passed-over women, who in any normal situation would glow like ethereal fire against the rest of us dull gray heathens, but here were rejected as not having even the remotest potential for success, spoke of shattered illusions about a unapologetically specialized industry. The betrayal seemed to say, "you may be beautiful and sexy, but we're looking for a supermodel." It laid bare the truth that the supermodel look has less to do with beauty than with a compartmentalized uniqueness. So the conventionally attractive were passed over for a group of six-foot tall aliens. Whacked? Yes. But truthful, and despite my ambivalence about reality shows and the modeling industry, I was nevertheless intrigued.

As frank as this characterization of supermodel beauty, the series has been equally brutal in demystifying what it means on a personal level to work as a model. The judges and advisors don't dance around the fact that these women are expected to turn their bodies into products. It's not reactionary fringe feminism to say models are commodified; as represented by this program it's the stated policy of the industry. So the first episode was also a lesson in sobering humiliation. Finalists stripped and were weighed in front of each other and the audience, breaking a taboo of feminine modesty. And then all rules were thrown out the window with a visit to the beauty parlor, where the women lied down on tables and endured painful bikini waxes on national television.
This was some pretty distressing shit to watch. Network censors wouldn't allow the cameras to show everything, of course, but viewers were confronted with the indelible image of a woman having her legs lifted up like a baby who needed a diaper change, then screaming in pain as the hairs were ripped from her crotch. I generally find humiliation television rather loathsome. Some may be intrigued by the question of how debased people can be made to act for money or air time, but once you realize the answer is "very debased indeed," there aren't many more reasons to watch. But while other shows present humiliation against a group of willing, dumb volunteers as the content of the show, here it's at least given context. Banks, who at 30 is a wizened old veteran of the model game, is called upon to constantly remind the contestants that, though these trials may seem cruel and embarrassing, they are perfectly consistent with an occupation that demands absolute submission to the most unrelenting public scrutiny imaginable. You want to be a model? Be careful what you wish for. It's refreshing to see an industry so dependent on the illusion of glamour taking such an unglamorous look at itself.

But for all of the show's likely inadvertent bucking of reality TV convention, it would still be unendurable were it not for some serendipitous casting. For, as much as it is, like American Idol, a talent competition, the show also observes the Real World-esque drama created by forcing its subjects to share an apartment and work together. Through information gleaned from these interviews and confessionals, it's clear that most of the would-be models' life aspirations begin and end with the rewards promised by the show. They've dreamed for years of becoming supermodels, and this is their chance. So a fundamental homogeny belies differences in personality and experience. These conditions should not encourage the most interesting interactions. But one of these women is not like the others.

For those who don't automatically sympathize with fashion industry ambition as the guiding force in life, there's the reluctant Elyse. An atheist and prospective medical school student, the waifish contestant clashed with Christian fundamentalist plus-size model Robin in the first episode (a priceless moment showed Robin confronting Elyse with a bible passage identifying Jesus as the only true God, as if she just hadn't gotten around to reading that part yet) and by the second was about ready to throw in the towel, complaining that her house-mates were too inane to tolerate. In a private, emotional tirade she relentlessly cursed out nearly everyone in the competition, including one of the show staff who had questioned her ability to succeed in medical school. It was a desperate and not entirely fair outburst, but I read into it my own frustration with all the bland reality show stars in the form's short history, and it cemented her appeal for me. And as an emotional catharsis for the conflicted contestant, it seemed to do the trick; by the end of the episode she was recommitted to the competition, as if emboldened by the challenge represented by this hegemony of superficiality.

Events have transpired since then to prove that maybe the greatest advantage a potential Top Model can possess is not, like in other competitive reality series, driving ambition and willingness to play dirty, but instead a steely detachment from the drama. There is no incentive to directly challenge the other models, to exploit weaknesses, or to stab backs. The greatest impediment to success for any of these women is themselves. Elyse and her eventual pal, the joyfully crude, Joan Jett-esque Adrianne, mock the show and the seriousness of their rivals' resolve. The various trials they are expected to perform - which have included getting skankified for a Stuff magazine spread, posing with a snake, and stripping down for a greasy "simulated" nude photo shoot - do not shock them because they have few illusions about the nature of modeling. Most of the others, in contrast, approach each new task with naive sincerity. They're shocked, shocked to learn that they must often subjugate their individuality to the whims of the photographers, make-up artists, and personal trainers. And they each wear their ambition on their shoulders, while Elyse especially has separated her hopes for happiness from the outcome of the competition.
It's this indifference bordering on antagonism to the series' challenges that sheds light on what has been missing from reality television. Though reality participants are ostensibly transparent - constantly confessing their deepest secrets to the audience - they are curiously free of self-awareness when it comes to their relationship to the show (unless, of course, the editors have systematically excised this footage). Most volunteers are either shameless exhibitionists or falsely coy crypto-exhibitionists, and none dare bite the hand that feeds them, so committed are they to remaining as long as possible in the spotlight. Fictional characters are trapped by conflict and endure three harrowing acts to find their way out, but the stars of reality shows have volunteered for the job, and attempt to draw out their suffering indefinitely. This is not drama, this is embarrassing desperation. Elyse brings to Top Model an element so lacking to this newest of TV genres that it has also seemed the most stylistically retrograde: irony.

And yet, the producers of America's Next Top Model seem hopelessly unaware of what makes their show so interesting. Not realizing that the most engaging situations and characters in reality television are discovered, not created, they've packed each episode with false dramatics and bombast. So the weekly climax is drained of all suspense by a laughable ritual ceremony. Banks is forced to give the same speech each week, and then repeat the same sentence over and over to those potentials who will remain: "Congratulations, you're one step closer to becoming America's next top model." If she said this line only once per episode, we might not mind the forced emotional reading she gives it each time. But after that first breathy intonation, it begs to be rattled off in a throwaway manner, or abandoned altogether. Instead, with an actor's resolve she attempts to make each successive reading more convincing, and succeeds only in making the whole enterprise more absurd. Why do reality shows so often treat its ostensibly adult audiences like Teletubby viewers? As if the only way to really get through to us is by bludgeoning us with repetition. I find it very difficult to believe that there is anyone alive who appreciates reality TV on the level that it seems designed to be appreciated. Who can take seriously these ceremonies and artificial rites of passage when they are so ineptly and humorlessly executed? America's Next Top Model shows that the genre itself may not be doomed, despite the best efforts of its practitioners.

24: High Tech Misogyny

2002-06-01T14:32:00.000-04:00

OK, I wrote this several years ago, but it's the first time it's ever seen the light of day. Figure I'd use my blog as a clearinghouse for this kind of thing. Please pardon its dated quality:

Near the end of the first hour of Fox's suspense series 24, a female mercenary (Mia Kirshner) seduces a hapless political photographer on a cross-country flight for a tryst in the airliner's bathroom, stealing his security clearance card in flagrante delicto. For her grand exit, and to make sure the photographer doesn't make it to LA, she sets a bomb inside the passenger jet, blows its doors, uses the rush of air out of the cabin to eject herself as the bomb explodes, and parachutes to safety as hundreds perish. She dispatches her duties with such cool and sexy James Bondian aplomb that even post-September 11th audiences may have forgiven her utter ruthlessness and actually cheered her unscathed descent into the Mojave Desert. She immediately strips naked and builds a fire - all the better to provide a TV-friendly silhouette of her form - then buries the ID card with a homing device so her lesbian lover can later retrieve and hold the coveted item in escrow against her untrustworthy employer. This is what those in the television biz call "realism."

One may certainly imagine ways of stealing a man's identity that require less spectacle, and less nudity, but despite its claims to "real-time" verisimilitude, 24 is spy vs. spy fantasy at its most thrillingly absurd. One cannot describe the plot of the series without making it sound daffy: a federal agent becomes a puppet assassin for evil Serbian terrorists bent on revenge against a presidential candidate, himself blackmailed by a conspiracy of shadowy businessmen. It's shamelessly ridiculous, and lots of fun. For such an over-the-top, unapologetically exciting ride, one can forgive a lot of logical transgressions, and indeed one must forgive them in order to enjoy its gleeful implausibility. It is more difficult to forgive its misogyny.

While not forgetting that Mandy, our intrepid hired-gun, has shown no remorse in her slaughter of innocents for personal financial gain, she ironically emerges as one of the only winning female characters we'll see during the show's 24 hour season. By the end of the second episode, in what could be a twisted alternate ending to Thelma & Louise, Mandy chooses to murder her sister-in-crime to protect her underworld cred, and the clash of crushing heartache and steely determination in this scenario recalls the tragic grandeur of a cold-as-ice Clint Eastwood anti-hero. Unfortunately, Mandy's role in the series is through by the time the ubiquitous ticking clock hits 2 AM, leaving us for 22 uniterrupted hours with some of the flattest and most ethically questionable constructions of femininity assembled for any one TV show in years.

The last half-decade has seen the long-overdue exaltation of the female action hero. Since the debut of Buffy the Vampire Slayer in 1997, network prime time has hosted several smart, sassy, and, above all, strong women warriors. Though the quality of some of these shows has been spotty, they've each contributed to an important neo-feminist discourse: how does the modern woman reconcile her struggle against an oppressive patriarchy with her desire to take pleasure in her femininity? Buffy must juggle her nightly demon hunting with dating and school. Sydney Bristow on Alias jets around the world subverting an evil spy syndicate while attempting to navigate the murky emotional waters of early adulthood. The secret identity thing has always complicated the lives of superheroes, but only recently have mainstream artists appropriated those themes as particularly valuable to a feminist project. Writers like Joss Whedon and J.J. Abrams give tired action genre conflicts new spin by constructing the physical trials to mirror or complicate their hero's personal crises; Buffy's vampires and demons metaphorically resemble her emotional challenges, and Bristow has recently learned that the greatest enemy of all is her own mother.
The fall 2001 television season saw networks struggling to bring something new to an action landscape glutted with female protagonists, and many found the best way to do so was to bring back something old: the male action hero. So the WB brought a fresh take to the ultimate male superhero in its Superman-as-troubled-teen series, Smallville. And in 24, Fox introduced us to Counter Terrorism Unit agent and ex-special forces renegade Jack Bauer (Kiefer Sutherland). They seemed to be gambling on the possibility that the popularity of female action heroes was due to the novelty of seeing our expectations reversed, and that audiences were ready to get back to business as usual and root for men. So the genders changed, but both series did betray an influence to the girl power shows that came before. Clark Kent and Jack Bauer are family men who must not only save the planet but also keep their houses in order, and in fact the latter is seen as necessary for the former. But while Smallville seems satisfied to harmlessly riff off of teen angst themes, many already explored by Buffy, 24 takes its father-as-savior template in a far more traditional direction. Though nothing is particularly wrong with Jack Bauer himself, aside from the fact that he's something of a cipher, the world created for him is a pre-feminist anachronism.

If a character like mercenary Mandy were introduced on Buffy, she'd already have her antithesis in Buffy Summers. Buffy would embody, or come to embody, a compromise between forces that threaten to tear strong women apart. There is no such analog on 24. Any joy we take from watching Mandy must come from an appreciation of her physical skills and her stoic adherence to mercenary principles. She wields power, is confident, and survives, but there is little else for her. For the other female characters on the show, there is even less. One potential female ally after another betrays Bauer. First, we meet Jamey Farrell (Karina Arroyave), who is originally cleared as one of the few people at CTU that Jack could trust, but is later revealed to have sold classified information to the very mercenaries attempting to assassinate both Jack and the presidential candidate he is sworn to protect, Senator David Palmer (Dennis Haysbert). When confronted with her crimes, and the threat that her son will learn of her treachery if she doesn't cooperate, she breaks down emotionally and must be violently coerced to give up information upon which lives depend.

We soon learn that emotional fragility is endemic to the show's females. When one of the Senator's aides (Kara Zediker) discovers she's being manipulated by a would-be assassin masquerading as her mysterious European lover, she's recruited to turn the tables on him by planting a transmitter in his wallet. When they next meet she plants the bug, but ultimately cannot control her anger and stabs him in a fit of rage, blowing her simple assignment and ruining Jack's chances to unravel the terrorist conspiracy once and for all. The implied lesson: Hell hath no fury blah blah blah.

Then there's Jack's wife and daughter, Teri (Leslie Hope) and Kimberly (Elisha Cuthbert). To think that its creators may actually consider these characters the strong feminine centers of the show is a disturbing notion. While the writers allow them brief flashes of intelligence and resourcefulness, they remain serially, and to a comic degree, damsels in distress. Kimberly is a lying brat who sets the wheels of the terrorist plot in motion by sneaking out of her house with her equally idiotic friend and a couple of kidnappers. We almost grow to like her by the end of the season thanks to her display of quick thinking in a couple of situations, but the only way the writers can make us regret our hating her mother is by subjecting her to constant suffering ending in death, but by then the damage has been done. Teri's reactions to the admittedly Sisyphean trials of the day run the gamut between hysteria and paralysis. Jack loves her and risks his own life, and the lives of his coworkers, to save her, so committed is he to rebuilding his family after a bitter separation. We understand his abstract matrimonial obligation, but don't quite get why he returned to this exhausting dysfunctional unit in the first place.

When 24 isn't showing us weak women it's showing us how incapable they are of intelligently wielding power. After Jack's actions in the field are misinterpreted, CTU mucky-mucks replace him with Alberta Green (Tamara Tunie), who makes it her mission to arrest Jack despite her staff's pleas. Conversations between Jack's aides make it clear that she is considered a sycophantic hack. I kept expecting her to surprise her doubters and come through for Jack in the end. Though that kind of development wouldn't have been the apex of creativity (seemingly-bitchy boss turns out to be perfectly fair, just misunderstood), it would have been less nauseating than what did happen: she gets her comeuppance upon Jack's return and is expelled from the office, and hence the show. Another career woman put in her place. Duplicitous, power-drunk women infect the parallel story as well. Senator Palmer's untrustworthy, Lady Macbeth of a wife, Sherry (Penny Johnson), is constantly scheming behind his back to undermine his moral turpitude. While his good-hearted son expresses righteous indignation about political compromises, his wife is willing to do anything illegal or immoral to further his career, which she justifies as a means of protecting her family. By the end of the season, she has recruited a clueless, starry-eyed speechwriter (Tanya Wright) to seduce her husband "for his own good," but really so the underling can serve as her spy. This relationship perfectly congeals the dual conceit of the show: the dumb weak woman deceived by the evil bitch. Of course, the senator doesn't take the bait. He refuses her advances and fires her, cementing his infallibility.

The greatest disappointment is the revelation in the penultimate episode that the mole working against CTU from the beginning is the one woman who otherwise might have escaped the show looking both strong and virtuous: Jack's right hand woman and former lover, Nina Myers (Sarah Clarke). Given the show's track record by the point she is revealed, and the fact that plot twists in thrillers tend to make villains of those we least expect, I wasn't terribly surprised, but I was disappointed that the show would so completely shut out the possibility that a female character could be as trustworthy as a man. It was also discouraging to note that just as much as the show seems to hate women, it also demonizes sexuality. All of the sexual acts depicted or discussed in the series are either violent (Palmer's daughter is a rape victim, Jack's wife gives herself to a mercenary in order to protect her daughter) or part of a strategic betrayal. From Jack's dalliance with Nina to a pre-homicidal roll-in-the-hay for Kim's dumb friend, no sex act goes unpunished.

The charge of misogyny should not be levied lightly. Misapplied, it can reduce the complexity of an interpretation and reinforce an aura of stifling political correctness. It is, of course, not the responsibility of the show's producers to fill an unspoken quota of acceptable female characterizations. If we truly believe in gender equality, we must admit that women can be just as fallible as men. It's possible that the writers are just trying to buck PC convention by allowing the female characters to be just as unlikable as some of the male characters, and indeed the show has its share of unlikable men: some of Jack's superiors and fellow operatives, many of Senator Palmer's campaign staff, and the primary villains themselves. One might even praise the show for its lack of likable characters, for having the courage to present a vision of humanity usually considered too bleak for television, like a 24 hour Stanley Kubrick film. But 24 wants us to care about its characters, especially Jack and Palmer, two struggling fathers whose attempts at enforcing moral order are undermined at every turn by alternately incompetent and nefarious women. One might still argue for a less binary interpretation. Maybe they're trying to say that it takes a few great people like Jack and Palmer, who just happen to be men, to combat the exceptionally wicked and the mediocre masses. But the goodness of the good characters is so tied up in their masculinity, while the evil that women do takes the form of weaknesses traditionally attributed to femininity: emotional imbalance and hysteria, wrathful jealousy, inability to lead, lack of intelligence. The contrast between the characterizations of David and Sherry Palmer perfectly reflect this bias. While David's presidential potential is depicted as a natural extension of his sage fatherly concerns, Sherry's motherly instincts manifest themselves in a manner comparable to a threatened animal protecting her young. On 24, fatherhood is lofty and Apollonian, signifying strength, incorruptibility, and reason. Motherhood is base and animal, evoking wrath and deception. Sure, these same associations were beautifully described in some of Shakespeare's works, but even Hamlet's father warned the troubled prince not to attack his mother, and hopefully our understanding of the differences between women and men has evolved since the 16th century.

Still, it's kind of hard to get angry at a series that is so fabulously ridiculous. When I watch the show, the dearth of interesting female characters doesn't infuriate me, it just makes me frustrated, annoyed even. Annoyed that a show so potentially ground-breaking due to its form and style is fundamentally derailed by laughably ancient attitudes towards femininity. The reason why 24 fails at greatness is that despite thrilling plot twists, a novel formula, and whiz-bang techno-spectacle, it's hard to really care about the show. Even if you believe that there is no absolute political or cultural responsibility to write interesting and honest female characters, it's certainly a dramatic and aesthetic necessity, especially in light of how other shows have grown our expectations. Buffy the Vampire Slayer is a great show not just because its mythical structure has unfolded in a way both exciting and fairly unique to television, but also because it has proven equally engaging in its exploration of character and gender. We can't expect every action series to champion only female superheroes. There is certainly room for strong and interesting men in the televisual spectrum, but 24 is proof that philosophical progress in pop culture is extremely tenuous. If the culture speaks to itself through movies and television, as some have suggested, its discourse is in danger of regression. Some critics were frustrated that 24 was not the unambiguous hit with audiences that they almost demanded it should be, but maybe audiences just demanded more.